The present study investigates if the digital forensics report can be generated automatically by using some of the artificial intelligence techniques, specifically the natural language processing. A model has been developed to assess if it is feasible to automate the generation of a digital forensic report using artificial intelligent techniques. One of the main purposes for this study is coming from a point where human errors, structure of the digital forensic reports, critical evidence that should take part of the digital forensic report are omitted during the generation of digital forensic report as well as the interpretation of the evidence drafted by an investigator during investigation. In addition, the standardization of this report happens to be imminent especially when it is being presented in a court of law. Given the rise of cybercrime, more research is needed to better improve the process of automating the generating digital forensic report using some intelligent techniques.

Keywords: digital forensics; artificial intelligence (AI); natural Language processing (NLP); digital forensic report (DF report); standardization

Third places are spaces which have emerged to become spots of positive social interaction between users of cities and increase their social functionality. They allow better connection between people in a way that fills voids and deals with segregation problems in communities. Having intermediate spaces between work and homes helps offer grey zones rather than work in work places and comfort in homes implementing some missing entertainment life. This paper tracks, studies and analyses types of third places in last years and how they have formed to fulfill and suit social needs of people. It also compares between different types regarding communities and users. It hypothesizes that suitable third places differ from a place to another according to types of users, communities and technology.

Keywords: Third Places; Social Interaction; Cities; Technology; Virtual Third Places; Connection

At modern times knowledge has expanded beyond horizons. Learning is not confined to limited traditional subjects. Students and researchers can integrate various subjects and gain greater clarity of knowledge. Multi disciplinary subjects are a combination of more than one subject. Some of these few subjects are listed in below table.

Micro RNA molecules are one of the millions of biomolecules that control the genetic information in an organism. In general, this food is being equally affected in the yields and production through water rationing due to heat resulting from climate change. Regarding stress response, the rice plant has several types of responses to various stress such as stress due to salinity, heavy metal toxicity or drought stress. It also inclines on the level of polluting rice fields by heavy metals that are potentially damaging to bones of skeleton humans. Another method which may be of some use is what is termed as phytoremediation or else the preservation of the soil in such manner that it becomes unsuitable for the heavy metals to absorb them as rice plants do. Due to the many factors that affect food production, there is a big chance for inter-sectorial endeavor, with policy makers, researchers, producers, and consumers. These pollutants are easily transported from their sources whether natural or industrial into the soil, and impact on the quality of the soil and on its production capacity. Besides human life, presence of the pollutants in the atmosphere is equally a threat to life of all form in a chain of food pyramid. It pollutes water, its concentrated form impacts negatively on plant and other forms of life. The pollutants that are likely to affect rice plants include; arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury pollutants as discussed above. Almost all the plants develop a way of guarding themselves in case of scenarios where they have to undergo metal chelating processes. It has been involved in controlling gene expression under stress in plants as well as animals. Concerning biotic stress factors, the diseases are likely to affect the Japonica rice whilst for the abiotic stress factors, the rice is sensitive to the effect of heavy metals. Climate conditions and international changes may cause the yield of rice in the end. Various abiotic stresses such as heat stress, cold, drought, salinity, and high level of several heavy metals are commonly reported to reduce yield in indica rice varieties. This brings us to the question of how the stress can be reduced for rice production and this include the sustainable practices that should be practiced in the agricultural sector.

Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa); Abiotic stress; Climate change; Heavy metal toxicity; Salinity stress; Drought stress; Heat stress; Cold stress; MicroRNAs (miRNAs); Stress-responsive genes; Phytoremediation; Soil contamination; Molecular mechanisms; Antioxidant defense; Gene expression; Climate-resilient rice varieties; Japonica and Indica rice; Food security

As Thailand's aging population increases, even with Thai farmers entering the senior age group. They require agricultural tools and equipment to facilitate their farming to prevent aging from impacting their careers, modern agricultural technology is also required. This research presents the design of an agricultural harvesting robot to assist elderly farmers and is suitable for Thailand's agricultural areas. It utilizes artificial intelligence concepts and the Internet of Things (IoT) with two objectives: 1) to alleviate the labor shortage for young farmers, providing a tool to assist older farmers; and 2) to serve as a guideline for sustainable agriculture in the future. This agricultural harvesting robot combines advanced technologies, such as machine learning to learn and control robot operations, applications to assist with movement and vision, artificial neural networks, and robotic control for harvesting, resulting in increased precision and increased efficiency. The robot's base is designed to adjust for movement on rough, uneven ground surfaces such as rice paddies, rice fields, ditches, and low, plateau areas to ensure consistent movement. Furthermore, the robot's arm is equipped with sensors to enable it to navigate and detect crops accurately and precisely. These functions make the robot more convenient for elderly farmers, allowing them to control and use the robot correctly and for its intended purpose. They do not need to be experts to use it. Experimental results indicate that agricultural harvesting robots can efficiently harvest longan, Langsat, and Lamberton, all types of agricultural fruits, by reducing steps and increasing yields.

Keywords: Harvesting robot; Elderly farmers; Internet of Things (IoT); Agricultural robot; Robot model

Chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions are frequently characterized by a persistent imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulatory immune pathways, often refractory to conventional targeted therapies. While monoclonal antibody treatments offer highly specific molecular inhibition, their single-target approach may not adequately address the complexity of dysregulated cytokine networks. This editorial discusses the biological rationale and emerging clinical evidence supporting autologous cytokine-based monoclonal therapies as a systemic immunoregulatory strategy. Drawing on over a decade of clinical experience and published case series, the modulation of endogenous cytokine profiles—particularly through regulatory mediators such as interleukin-10 (IL-10)—is examined as a means of restoring immune homeostasis rather than inducing unidirectional suppression. The relevance of this approach is explored in chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and post-oncological immune-dysregulation settings, where conventional therapies may fail to provide sustained clinical benefit. By leveraging patient-derived immunoregulatory mechanisms, autologous cytokine-based monoclonal therapies represent a biologically coherent and potentially cost-effective adjunct or alternative to existing immunomodulatory strategies, warranting further scientific discussion and systematic investigation.
Keywords: Autologous cytokine therapy; Immunoregulation; Cytokine network modulation Interleukin-10 (IL-10); Chronic inflammatory diseases

Atresia ani is a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence or closure of the anal opening. This case report describes the successful surgical management of type 11 atresia ani in a 3-week-old piglet. The piglet was presented with a history of constipation and absence of anal opening. Surgical correction was performed using Epidural anaesthesia. The piglet recovered uneventfully and was able to pass stool normally post-operatively. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention in the management of atresia ani in piglets.

Abuse of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) has been exploited by those who place making a financial profit as preferable to verified content. Some paid-for media reports rescript the gist of other authors’ original input. Consequently, there is a slow-but-sure diminishing reserve of original contributions in words or pictures. News becomes bulimic reporting; old stories are brought up as new news. News or photographs can be doctored to seem real and made to appeal to readers. Focused energy, perseverance, to record honestly and report accurately to the welfare and mental health of a community, will relegate money-grubbing sensationalizing news sources to the trash-can of history. This concern has gone viral globally and is echoed by most responsible news agencies.

Treatment of diabetic mellitus (DM) and related complications is available although cost of conventional medicines is relatively high and accompanying side effects beg for alternative therapeutic and management methods. Previous studies demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of Zingiber officinale and Mondia whitei although the scientific knowledge on their efficacy in ameliorating DM-induced infertility is obscure. This study investigated the histomorphometric and histoarchitectural impacts of ethanolic Z. officinale and M. whitei root extracts on the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and testis (HPT) in diabetic male albino rats. Thirty-six rats were assigned nine groups of six treatment groups and three controls groups. All animals except normal control were administered with alloxan monohydrate to induce DM. Treatment groups were administered with Z. officinale or M. whitei at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg for 28 days, normal control (normal saline), diabetic control (alloxan monohydrate alone) and positive control (alloxan monohydrate and clomiphene citrate). Testicular weight/volume, seminiferous tubule diameter/epithelial height, Leydig cell volume for histomorphometry as well as hypothalamic, anterior pituitary and testicular histology were done. Neuronal degeneration and gliosis in the hypothalamus, decreased number of gonadotropes in the pituitary, disruption of seminiferous epithelium, and Leydig cell atrophy were observed in diabetic controls. Leydig cell volume (501±92.3 µm³), testicular weight (1.02±0.3 ml), and testicular volume (1.11±0.22 ml) all showed significant decrease (p<0.01) in comparison with the normal control group testicular weight (2.71 ± 1.2), testicular volume (2.98 ± 0.71) and Leydig cell volume LCV (1250 ± 212.4). At 800 mg/kg, Z. officinale improved testicular weight: 2.51±0.5 ml; Leydig cell volume: 1291±236.3 µm³, normalized hypothalamic and anterior pituitary histology. Similarly, M. whitei at 800 mg/kg improved testicular weight: 3.38±1.9 ml; Leydig cell volume: 1432±346.7 µm³; p<0.001 vs. diabetic controls with testicular weight 1.03±3ml; leydig cell volume 501±92.3µm³, improved pituitary vascularization, and hypothalamic histology. Mondia whitei at 800 mg/kg performed better than Z. officinale specifically regarding Leydig cell metrics, testicular weight, and volume. Conclusion: Both Z. officinale and M. whitei demonstrated pro-reproductive effects along the HPT axis. However, at 800 mg/kg, M. whitei exhibited greater restorative effects, on histoarchitecture and testicular histomorphometry.
Keywords: Zingiber officinale; Mondia whitei; Diabetic infertility; restorative; Testicular histomorphometry; Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis

Background: Imbalances in the oral microbiota or the presence of certain pathogenic microorganisms can lead to discomfort and various oral health issues such as dental caries, gingivitis, mucositis, oral ulcers and thrush, halitosis, and abscess. Plants and their derivatives are gaining more interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Mouth wash preparations provide a significant antimicrobial activity, promote tissue regeneration, and reduce inflammation. The mouthwash could be considered as a potential natural antimicrobial agent for treating infections caused by cariogens.
Aim: To investigate the efficiency of Picrorhiza kurroa root extract as an anticariogenic mouthwash in high caries risk patients.
Materials & methods: A fresh concentrated herbal mouth rinse of 10% was prepared by diluting it in sterile distilled water. Forty patients with high risk for caries were selected to assess the efficacy of the mouthwash. They were randomly assigned to two groups. Salivary pH, buffering capacity, and microbial count were evaluated before mouthwash use, after 10 min, and 20 mins.
Results: Alter in the pH, buffering capacity, and a decrease in microbial count.
Conclusion: Picrorhiza kurroa root extracts used as a mouthwash seem to be an effective anticaries agent.
Keywords: Picrorhiza kurroa; Mouthwash; anticariogenic; Dental Caries

This study investigated and compared the impact of Fentanyl, Midazolam, Propofol, and their combinations on clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters in Boer goats. Twenty-four apparently healthy goats (weighing 15-20 kg and aged between 2 and 2.5 years) were randomly divided into six groups; each of them was given one of the following intravenous anesthetic protocols: Fentanyl (Group-F, 2.5 µg/kg), Midazolam (Group-M, 0.3 mg/kg), Propofol (Group-P, 6 mg/kg), or a combination of Propofol-Fentanyl (Group-PF), Midazolam-Fentanyl (Group-MF), and Midazolam-Propofol (Group-MP). Clinical evaluations, including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and reflexes (righting, palpebral, and pedal reflex) responses, were recorded before and at 5-minute intervals up to 30 minutes after drug administration. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia and 30 minutes post-induction to assess serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin) and hematological indices (PCV, TEC, TLC, and Hb). Heart rate and rectal temperature significantly increased (P < 0.05) across all groups, while respiratory rate remained consistent. The Midazolam-Propofol group (MP) exhibited the longest duration of anesthesia (24.00±2.08 min) with complete loss of reflexes. Significant biochemical changes included increased ALT in Group M and elevated AST and albumin in Group PF. Creatinine concentrations were substantially reduced in Groups M and MP, whereas urea levels were significantly elevated in Group MP. Among the hematological parameters, hemoglobin levels were markedly higher in Group P, whereas Group M demonstrated a decreased total leukocyte count. Among all protocols, the Midazolam-Propofol combination provided the most effective and balanced anesthetic protocol for Boer goats, with stable physiological responses and manageable alterations in blood chemistry and cell counts.
Keywords: boer goats; clinical parameters; hemato-biochemical parameters; fentanyl; midazolam; propofol

Hemophilia is a chronic genetic disorder characterized by deficiencies in clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding episodes. Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency) and Hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency) are the two most common forms. In regions with limited access to healthcare, such as Kashmir, hemophilia management is challenging, often affecting patients' quality of life (QoL).

Busulfan, a bifunctional alkylating agent, remains a cornerstone in hematologic oncology and transplantation medicine despite the advent of targeted therapies. Originally developed for chronic myeloid leukemia, its current primary application lies in myeloablative conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Busulfan exerts its cytotoxic effects through DNA cross-linking, inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Its pharmacokinetics are influenced by genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase enzymes, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring to balance efficacy and toxicity. Clinical advances, including intravenous formulations and pharmacokinetic-guided dosing, have improved safety outcomes. Ongoing research explores liposomal formulations, gene therapy conditioning, and integration into precision medicine frameworks. While toxicity—particularly hepatic veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary fibrosis—remains a concern, innovations in personalized dosing and pharmacogenomics continue to enhance its therapeutic index. This review highlights Busulfan’s evolving clinical roles, challenges, and future prospects in oncology and regenerative medicine.
Keywords: Busulfan; Alkylating Agent; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Pharmacokinetics; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring; Myeloablation; Pharmacogenomics; Veno-Occlusive Disease; Gene Therapy; Precision Medicine

Norway's anadromous salmonids, including wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta), have declined 70-80% since the 1980s, from 1.2 million annual returns to 323,000 in 2024, while invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) surged to 481,000 in 2023, projected at 1.2-1.5 million in 2025 [1-3].

This essay employs Bradford Hill criteria to establish causality between environmental toxins—glyphosate (usage from ~50 tonnes in 1980 to 300 tonnes in agriculture/forestry by 2025, totaling 500-700 tonnes nationally), Yara fertilizer runoff, and graphene oxide (GO) from geoengineering—and salmonid declines, falsifying climate/temperature as primary drivers [4-6].

Aquaculture impacts (sea lice, escapes) are secondary, confined to saltwater. Chemtrails, as documented by T. Morstad and Jan Winaas, disseminate GO and metals, contaminating rain and tap water, with visual evidence from microscope photos of Tine milk (showing nano-structures) versus Rørosmeieriet (clean) [7-9].

Robert Young's framework links glyphosate/GO to mineral depletion, gut dysbiosis, pH reduction, diabetes/cancer risks [10].

New Roundup formulations (diquat-based) shift to organ toxicity [11]. Bio-natural garlic spray is recommended as a replacement, with cost analyses for India, Europe, Brazil, and the USA.

Detailed detox protocols for salmonids in aqua-farms and wild settings are proposed, alongside tables/graphs correlating stock falls with glyphosate increases and N/P alternatives.

A dual challenge: foster pink salmon coexistence or enforce global pesticide cessation.

Keywords: Salmonids; glyphosate; graphene oxide; chemtrails; Tine; Rørosmeieriet; geoengineering; Bradford Hill; bio-natural alternatives; detox protocols

Children admitted to a hospital are extremely anxious about procedures such as intravenous drug administration, cannulation, dressings, surgeries etc. Given the inability of a child to cooperate during procedures, the possibility of securing a difficult airway in an awake child is therefore limited. Moreover, airway related challenges may occur intraoperatively which require prompt tailoring of our anesthesia technique. Hence, a meticulous and multidisciplinary planning is required to manage the difficult airway in the perioperative period.

We report the successful management of 3 paediatric difficult airway cases under general anesthesia using a novel, tailored approach; troubleshoot the obstruction to reach the trachea, using a triangulated positioning for laryngoscopy and intubation in extra oral tumours and truncate the surgical and airway handling to ensure smooth extubation. We call this the 3T approach to managing paediatric difficult airways.

Keywords: difficult airway; paediatric; anxiety; general anaesthesia; laryngoscopy; troubleshoot

Background: Unique characteristics like fingerprints, facial and iris scans contribute to forensic science by identifying an individuals’ authenticity. Tongue is a fleshy muscular organ that is well protected in the oral cavity, unaffected by the external factors and difficult to be simulated. This study was an attempt to use tongue as a tool to identify a person as limited studies have been accomplished in investigating tongue’s morphologic features.

Aim: To identify an individual by tongue impression.

Objectives: To clinically analyse the tongue morphology and to correlate it with that of tongue impression.

Material and methods: 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) between the age group of 18-65 years were considered in the study. Two examiners observed the morphological features clinically and also by comparing the corresponding tongue cast.

Results: Anterior fissure pattern was observed in elder subjects while median fibrous septum was observed in younger subjects. Hammered (H) shape of the tongue was the dominant tongue pattern among male subjects; oval (O) and ellipsoid (E) were characteristic shapes noted in female subjects.

Conclusion: A detailed impression of the anterior two thirds of the tongue can aid as a promising tool to identify a person and can also serve as a permanent record through the cast.

Keywords: anterior fissure pattern; forensic science; face; human; iris; mouth; median fibrous septum; tongue

Background: The rapid use of software-based clinical tools in U.S. care settings has outpaced governance designed for static devices and siloed data. In practice, privacy obligations under HIPAA/HITECH and safety/effectiveness oversight by the FDA proceed in parallel rather than in sync, creating lifecycle gaps once tools are deployed and updated.
Methods: We conducted a structured, desk-based review of publicly available federal materials FDA device decisions, ONC certification resources, CMS coverage determinations and state statutes on medical devices and health data, supplemented by a targeted scoping review of peer-reviewed policy literature (2019-2025). No human-subjects data were collected.
Results: A cross-walk of these sources shows overlapping mandates with material gaps in post-deployment monitoring, data provenance, and change control. State privacy laws diverge on de-identification and secondary use, and payer policies vary in recognizing real-world performance evidence. These disconnects concentrate compliance burden on providers and vendors while offering limited clarity on ongoing risk management. We provide a governance cross-walk that maps HIPAA/HITECH requirements to FDA lifecycle stages and specifies practical artifacts (e.g., risk analysis, de-identification memorandum, audit-log procedures) to streamline reviews.
Conclusion: Fragmented privacy and device oversight creates operational, legal, and economic friction for health systems. Harmonized, risk-based oversight that pairs privacy and safety at each lifecycle stage supported by standardized impact assessments and minimum post-deployment monitoring can reduce duplication and support more equitable adoption without weakening patient protections.
Keywords: Health information privacy; medical device oversight; HIPAA; FDA; policy analysis; implementation barriers

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent and multifaceted health issue with significant social, emotional, and physical consequences, yet it remains insufficiently addressed globally and in Lithuania. Objective. This review explores recent innovations in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary incontinence, highlighting advancements such as biofeedback therapy, bio-diary testing, novel physiotherapeutic techniques, pharmacological developments, minimally invasive surgical procedures, and digital health solutions like smart app monitoring. Methods. Literature review was made. Results. International collaborations and research projects further foster the development of effective, individualized management strategies. Despite ongoing progress, there remains a need for continuous research to implement innovative, patient-centered approaches that improve quality of life. Conclusions. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating global best practices into Lithuanian healthcare and encourages sustained efforts to combat this pervasive disorder.
Keywords: innovation; urinary incontinence; Lithuania; review

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disorder of various etiologies hallmarked by chronic hyperglycemia. The prevalence is increasing worldwide, the burden of diabetes in India was approximately 77 million cases in 2019 and is expected to rise to more than 134 million by 2045. Dietary changes continue to be an important part of diabetes prevention and management, helping people achieve their ideal weight, regulate their blood glucose levels, and reduce their risk of complications. Nutrition-based methods, when combined with regular physical activity, can dramatically enhance long-term glycemic control and quality of life.
Keywords: Diet; Essential Fatty Acid; Glycemic Index; Glycemic Load

Every year, approximately 52 percent of all European children are treated (treated) with some form of complementary and alternative medicine, often even without the knowledge of their pediatrician. Herbal medicines and aromatherapy products have been increasingly used worldwide in the last decade not only for the prevention of diseases in adults, but also for the health care, treatment (care) and prevention of diseases in children. For children, unlike adults, there are few types of medicinal plants and aromatherapy products intended for health care or disease prevention. Studies that would reveal the experiences of parents using phytotherapy and aromatherapy products for children under 3 years of age have not been conducted in Lithuania, while the use of aromatherapy and phytotherapy is very widespread and common.
Objective: to reveal the experiences of parents using phytotherapy and aromatherapy products in the daily care and care of children under 3 years of age.
The study was conducted by recording all interviews (with the consent of the informants). Parents were selected using the convenience sampling method, after a public invitation to participate in the study was published on social networks. 11 parents agreed to participate in the study. The study was conducted on October 1, 2025. – 2025. November 30. Research methods: scientific literature review; semi-structured interview; qualitative content analysis.
Conclusions. 1. For children, unlike adults, there are few types of medicinal plants and aromatherapy products intended for health or disease prevention. This is the most sensitive group, for which phytotherapy and aromatherapy should be used very carefully and in small doses, taking into account age and the suitability of the product for use according to the age of the child. 2. The study revealed that parents prefer to use aromatherapy, but not phytotherapy products or products, in their daily care for their children under three years of age. Most parents advocate the use of aromatherapy when aromatherapy products are inhaled through the respiratory tract. 3. The study revealed that parents give their children under three years of age immunity-boosting teas, cranberries, and honey for preventive purposes. Only a small proportion of parents indicated that they vaporize various essential oils with antibacterial effects at home to prevent diseases.
Keywords: phytotherapy; aromatherapy; parents experiences; Lithuania